Pinehurst
Our story begins in 1895, when Boston Philanthropist James Walker Tufts purchased 5,800 acres of ravaged timberland in the Sandhills region of central North Carolina. This land, which cost Tufts about $1 per acre, once held a flourishing pine forest that had been cut for timber and used for its plentiful supply of turpentine and building supplies. What was left behind was a barren, sandy wasteland.
Many locals thought Tufts the fool for his purchase, but the astute businessman sold his thriving Soda Fountain Company on the idea of a health retreat – far away from the cares of the world. From the very beginning, Pinehurst was designed as a philanthropic gesture by Tufts, as a place for middle-class Americans to recuperate from the ailments of the time. Most believed that those suffering from the respiratory illnesses as a result of the Industrial Revolution could be cured by the “pine ozone” only found in the region. Tufts idea was to create a New England-style village, with walkways and year-round greenery.
To help make his dream reality, Tufts hired the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot to create a master plan for the ravaged land. Its chief designer, Frederick Law Olmsted, was well regarded at the time, designing such large projects as Central Park. More than 220,000 tree seedlings and other plants were brought in as a result, many of which were imported from France.
As streets, sewer and water systems were established, Tufts wrestled with what to officially call the place he’d developed. For the first six months it was known simply as Tuftstown, after its founder. But while at his summer home at Cottage City (now known as Oak Bluffs on Martha’s Vineyard), Tufts searched a list of names submitted for a contest to name a real estate development. He decided the name Pinehurst was appropriate: The “Pine” of course for the beautiful trees and “hurst”, a wooded hillock or plot of rising ground. Thus, he adopted it for his village and resort.
By the first year, Tufts had directed completion of a general store, dairy, boarding house, more than 20 cottages, and the Holly Inn, which was opened December 31, 1895.
The Carolina hotel opened in 1901. It immediately served as the center of all activity at Pinehurst, surrounded by lush grounds, perfect for enjoying the warmth of the day. Recreation and gracious accommodations were premier features of Tufts’ health resort. Riding, hunting, polo, lawn bowling, bicycling, and archery were popular in Pinehurst’s early days; many remain so today. Tennis was one of the first planned recreational activities at Pinehurst, with two courts on the original blueprints for the Holly Inn lawns.
Annie Oakley, sharp-shooter and star of the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, came to Pinehurst in 1916 with her husband, Frank Butler. Annie was in charge of the Pinehurst Gun Club, and gave shooting exhibitions at the Carolina hotel twice a week. Between 1916 and 1920 she instructed up to 125,000 men and women in the art of marksmanship.
Source: Pinehurst Resort